The Shootout....

Clara Spalding Brown, Correspondent from the San Diego Daily Union, wrote the following concerning the Shootout:

October 29, 1881 "Opinion is pretty divided as to the justification of the killing. You may meet one man who will support the Earps, and declare that no other course was possible to save their own lives, and the next man is just as likely to assert that there was no occasion whatever for bloodshed, and that this will be "a warm place" for the Earps hereafter. At the inquest yesterday, the damaging fact was ascertained that only two of the cowboys were armed, it thus being a most unequal fight. 

"The 26th of October (1881) will always be marked as one of the crimson days in the annals of Tombstone, a day when blood flowed as water, and human life was held as a shuttlecock, a day always to be remembered as witnessing the bloodiest and deadliest street fight that ever occurred in this place, or probably in the Territory."

OldWestHistory.Net is the only site that presents original writings in chronological order  from various 1880s Old West newspapers and other sources.      

Tombstone,  Pima County, Territory of Arizona

1880

Tombstone Epitaph, September 9, 1880

      The Opening of the Grand Hotel      

Through the courtesy of Mr. H.V. Sturm an Epitaph reporter yesterday paid a visit to and made a brief inspection of the new hotel christened the grand which will be formally open for dinner this evening at five o'clock. The general size and character of the structure have been mentioned so often during the course of construction that further mention would be superfluous and we will confine ourselves to a description of the interior appointments of it. Passing into the building by the front entrance the first thing that strikes the eye is a wide and handsome staircase covered by an elegant carpet and supporting a heavy black walnut banister. Thence upstairs to the main hall, and turning to the right we are ushered into a perfect little bijou of costly furniture and elegant carpeting known as the bridal chamber. This room occupies half of the main front and is connected with the parlor by folding doors through which the reporter passed, and entering the parlor was more than astonished by the luxurious appointments. A heavy Brussels carpet of the most elegant style and finish graces the floor, the walls are adorned with rare and costly oil paintings; the furniture is of walnut cushioned with the most expensive silk and rep, and nothing lacks, save the piano which will be placed in the position shortly. On down through the main corridor peeping now and then into the bedrooms, sixteen in number, each of them fitted with walnut furniture and carpeted to match: spring mattresses that would tempt even a sybarite, toilet stands and fixtures of the most approved pattern, the walls papered, and to crown all, each room having windows. All are outside rooms thus obviating the many comforts in close and ill-ventilated apartments. Returning we pass down the broad staircase and turning to the left are in the office and reading room. Here we met Mr. R.J. Pryke, the polite and affable clerk, so well known to Yosemite tourists in California. The office fixtures are as is common in first class hotels and fully in keeping with the general character of the house. The dining room adjoining next invites inspection. Here we find the same evidence of good taste in selection and arrangement that is so marked a feature of the whole interior. Three elegant chandeliers are pendant from the handsome centerpieces, walnut tables, extension and plain, covered with cut glass, china, silver castors and the latest style of cutlery are among the many attractions of this branch of the cuisine. Thence into the kitchen where we find the same evidence before mentioned; an elegant Montagin range 12 feet in length, with patent heater, hot and cold faucets, in fact all the appliances necessary to feed five hundred persons at a few hours notice are present. The bar occupies the east half of the main front and is in keeping with the general furnishings. Want of space prevents more than this cursory glance at the Grand and its appliances for the comfort and convenience of guests. A Grand (no pun intended) invitation ball will take place this evening.

  From Bob Boze Bell's "The Illustrated Life and Times of Doc Holliday" Pages 33 & 34 & Tombstone Nugget on

October 11, 1880

Within weeks of arriving in Tombstone, Doc Holliday gets in a shooting scrape at the Oriental saloon. Johnny Tyler, the very same gambler who Wyatt Earp eighty-sixed last month, has hot words with Doc. Flashing his infamous temper, Holliday challenges, goads and taunts Tyler to pull his shooter. Showing rare good sense, Tyler declines to fight a man who wants to die. Shamed, the tinhorn leaves camp, but Milt Joyce, the owner of the Oriental, takes Holliday to task for his wanton blood lust. As Joyce continues to rail against Doc (the dentist gave up his pistol to Joyce, which is now safely deposited behind the bar), the good doctor gets madder. Finally, Holliday can take no more abuse and he bolts out the front door, obtains another pistol and returns. The Tombstone Nugget (Newspaper, October 11, 1880) reports that: "[Holliday] walked toward Joyce, who was just coming from behind the bar, and with a remark that would not look good in print turned loose with a self-cocker. Joyce was not more than ten feet away and jumped for his assailant and struck him over the head with a six-shooter, felling him to the floor and lightning on top of him. Officers White and Bennett were near at hand and separated them, taking the pistols from each. Just how many shots were fired none present seemed able to tell but in casting up accounts Joyce was found to be shot through the hand, his partner, Mr. Parker, who was behind the bar, shot through the big toe of the left foot, and Holliday with a blow of the pistol in Joyce's hand."

Tombstone Nugget, October 22, 1880

U. S. Deputy Marshal Earp and his brother Wyatt have been busy putting up dwelling houses during the past week.

Shooting of Marshal Fred White

From Don Chaput's "Virgil Earp: Western Peace Officer" Pages 74/75

On the evening of October 27, 1880, a shooting occurred which would have many ramifications for Tombstone and the Earps. The cowboys were in town carousing, drinking too much, and getting out of hand. Soon, shots rang out amid loud shouting and yelling. Several cowboys, including Curly Bill (Brocius), were out in the street banging away at the moon or stars. What they didn't know was that Village Marshal Fred White was watching them. He went up to Curly Bill and said, "I am an officer; give me your pistol." Meanwhile, Wyatt Earp, deputy sheriff of Pima County, had been in Owen's Saloon a block away and heard the shots. Wyatt ran out of the saloon, saw brother Morgan and asked him for a pistol. Morgan did not have one but pointed to Fred Dodge a few steps ahead. With Dodge's pistol in hand, Wyatt ran to the scene of the ruckus just as Curly Bill had drawn his pistol out of his holster. Marshal White grabbed the barrel, but Curly Bill wouldn't let go. Wyatt threw his arms around Curly Bill, and Marshal White, encouraged by the help yelled, "Now you G__ d____ s_ of a b____give up that pistol." Unfortunately, White jerked the pistol further, and it went off, blasting Marshal White in the stomach. Wyatt "buffaloed" Curly Bill, that is, cracked him over the skull with his pistol, threw him to the ground, and placed him under arrest. White, fatally wounded, lasted until the next day. Before he died he gave some details of the encounter, exonerated Curly Bill from any serious crime, saying the shooting was accidental. The incident certainly reinforced the existing ill-feelings between the cowboys and the Earps

Tombstone Nugget, November 2, 1880

Proceedings Common Council 

Council met pussuant to call Monday, November 1st, 1880. Present, Mayor Randall, Councilmen Jones, Comstock, Cadwell, and Gray. Meeting called to order by the Mayor, who presided. reading of the minutes of previous meeting dispensed with. Moved by Jones that the Mayor order a special election to be held on Nov. 12th; 1880, for the purpose of electing a City Marshal. Motion carried.

Moved and carried that six special officers be chosen by the council to serve on Nov. 2nd. The following were appointed to act as special officers on that day: Benj. Sippy, R. S. Hatch, Isaac Roberts, Tom Case, Capt. Johnson and J. Nicholson. 

Moved by Jones that these officers be allowed $6.00 apiece for their services. Motion carried. Moved by Jones (Councilman) that the appointees be authorized to make arrests and enforce the peace and election laws, and that such officers and that such officers be under the command of Assistant Marshal Virgil Earp. Motion carried. 

Moved that the Clerk of the Council furnish the Assistant Marshal with the names of the special officers and that the Marshal be instructed to furnish such officers with badges. Also that the special officers be instructed to keep all electioneerers and ticket peddlers 50 feet away from the place of polling. Motion carried. On motion of Cadwell, meeting adjourned. A. Randall, Mayor. Attset: M. Gray, Clerk

Tombstone Nugget, November 18, 1880

Not long since we chronicled the arrest of Red Mike, a notorious Nevada criminal,  by Deputy Earp and his being held here to await requisition from the Governor of that state, Mike having escaped from the Virginia City jail while awaiting trial on charge of murder. No requisition was made, the authorities of that state probably thinking they were well rid of him, and he was discharged. Subsequently he was arrested by Marshal Sippy for disorderly conduct but was released by Justice Gray on his solemn promise of future good conduct.

Tombstone Daily Nugget, December 2, 1880

The New County's Name

 Tombstoners are casting about for a name for the new county which is to be formed out of the eastern portion of Pima, at the coming session of the Legislature. A writer in the Nugget suggests the name of "San Pedro" or " Cachise," or some name that is in harmony with the names of the other counties. we agree with the writer in the Nugget. By all means give us a name that is in character with the history of the territory. Good taste and good sense have so far prevailed in the naming of our counties, and we trust the plan will be pursued to the end. Give us a name "native and to the manor born," and purely Arizonan. We have no need to import names. The history of our territory offers a field from which we may select names both appropriate and cuphonious; and let us avoid the ridiculous incongruito  and wrenched taste of inflicting on young towns and mining camps such meaningless travesties as attach to so many towns in the West--Democrat

1881

Tombstone Epitaph, January 17, 1881

Slaughtered

The Brutal Murder of an Upright Citizen at Charleston By a Desperado

Again, the bloody hand of a murderer has been raised against a peaceable citizen; again the law is scoffed at and justice derided. Yesterday's sun rose bright and cheerful over neighboring village at Charleston, mellowing the crisp night air with its rays. Once more her toilers began their daily avocations with renewed energy, little dreaming of the damnable deed that, in the glowing light of noonday, was to await one of their number. Sometime since the cabin of Mr. W. P. Schneider, chief engineer of the Corbin Mill, was entered and robbed of several articles including some clothing. Circumstances pointed very strongly to two parties, one of whom is well known by the cognomen of "Johnny-Behind-the Deuce" that we were unable to obtain his real name, but direct proof not being sufficient, no arrest was made. Yesterday at noon Mr. Schneider left his duties and went to a restaurant where he was accustomed to taking his meals, and on entering approached the stove and, noticing a friend standing by, entered into conversation. Having just left the heated engine room the air without felt cool which brought Mr. S. a remark to that effect. "Johnny-Behind-the-Deuce" who was also in the room, then said, "I thought you never got cold." Not desiring to have anything to do with one of his character, Mr. Schneider turned and said, "I was not talking to you, sir" This raised the lurking devil in the diminutive heart of "J-B-the-D," who blurted out, "G-d d-n you I'll shoot you when you come out," and left the room. After eating his dinner Mr. Schneider passed out the door, and was proceeding to the mill, when, true to his promise, the lurking fiend, who had secreted himself with hell in his heart and death in his mind, drew deadly aim and dropped his victim dead in his tracks. Immediately after the shooting the following telegrams were sent to Mr. Richard Gird, the superintendent, who was in the mine at the time:

Charleston, Jan. 14, 1:30 p. m.

To Richard Gird: Schneider has just been killed by a gambler, no provocation. Cowboys are preparing to take him out of custody. We need fifty well armed men.

Charleston, Jan. 14, 1;35 p. m.

To Richard Gird: Prisoner has just gone to Tombstone. Try and head him off and bring him back.

Charleston, Jan. 14, 1:50 p. m.

To Richard Gird: Burnett has telegraphed to the officers who have the murderer in charge to bring him back to appear at inquest. see that he is brought back.

Considerable delay occurred in getting these dispatches to Mr. Gird, who at the time was in the mine, and just where was not known: but as soon as he received it, prompt action was taken, and a number of the miners were ordered to report to the officers, to resist any attempted rescue of the prisoner. owing to some delay in delivery at the office of the company, and during this time the murderer was flying over the road toward the city, reaching the corner of Fifth and Allen (Tombstone) a few minutes after the dispatches had been read. It is asserted that the officers, fearing pursuit, sent the murderer, who was on horseback, on ahead. However, this may be, it is certain that he came in ahead, his horse reeking with sweat, and, dismounting in front of Vogan's saloon asked for protection, acknowledging that he killed his man. in a few minutes Allen Street was jammed with an excited crowd, rapidly augmented by scores from all directions. By this time Marshal Sippy, realizing the situation at once, in the light of the repeated murders that have been committed and the ultimate liberty of the offenders, had attempt on the part of the crowd to lynch the prisoner: but feeling that no guard would be strong enough to resist a justly enraged public long, procured a light wagon in which the prisoner was placed, guarded by himself, Virgil Earp and Deputy Sheriff Behan, assisted by a strong posse well armed, moved down the street, closely followed by the throng, a halt was made and rifles leveled on the advancing citizens, several of whom were armed with rifles and shotguns. At this juncture, a well known individual with more averdupois than brains, called to the officers to turn loose and fire into the crowd. But Marshal Sippy's sound judgment prevented any such outbreak as would have been the certain result, and cool as an iceberg he held the crowd in check. No one who was a witness of yesterday's proceedings can doubt that but for his presence, blood would have flown freely. The posse following would not have been considered; but, bowing to the majesty of the law, the crowd subsided and the wagon proceeded on its way to Benson with the prisoner, who by daylight this morning was lodged in the Tucson jail.

"Johnny-Behind-the-Deuce" escaped from the Tucson jail and was not to be seen or heard from again.

On February 1, 1881 "Cachise  (Cochise) County" is formed and Tombstone becomes the county seat. 

Prescott Weekly Miner, March 18, 1881

Border Ruffians

Our Mexican neighbors are making great complaint of depredations by American stock thieves, who cross the line into Mexico and drive off cattle, mules and mustangs by wholesale, and bring them into Arizona. We dare to say it pays a great deal better to sell stock in American  markets than it does to steal American stock and sell on the Mexican side of the line. Still, if butchers could be found who would purchase stolen Arizona cattle and retail the meat without scrupple it would seem hardly worth while for thieves to cross the border after their live plunder. The time is fast approaching when this stock stealing and other border outrages must be put an end to, and it will be. It is hinted that the Stock Association of Southern Arizona contemplates assuming the responsibility of breaking up the systematic cattle and horse stealing now going on this side of the line by summary measures, unless it be soon demonstrated that the legally constituted authorities are equal to the task. (Tombstone Gossip)

The New Tombstone Marshal Virgil Earp & Ike Clanton

The Tombstone Daily Nugget, June 9, 1881

Almost a Shooting

Yesterday morning another one of the shooting scrapes which marred the annals of Tombstone came a near occurring in front of Wells, Fargo & Co's office, on Allen Street, and but for the prompt and timely interference of Marshal Earp (Virgil) and Constable Haggerty would no doubt, have resulted in a __________ and probably fatal encounter. It appears that Tuesday night, or rather early yesterday morning, Daniel Burns, better known as "Little Dan" and Ike Clanton became involved in a dispute which led to an exchange of blows, after which they parted, Clanton expressing his determination to change the nature of the fight as soon as they met, which they did, as before stated, when both went for their guns. The others then interfered and prevented any trouble but warlike demonstrations.

SCHIEFFELIN HALL is now completed and ready for occupancy. From top to bottom it is by far the most complete edifice of the kind in the Territory. The drop curtain is a Colorado scene and is a work of art.

The Tombstone Epitaph, June 11, 1881

An Ugly Report

How easy and natural it is, as soon as a man's back turned to begin to circulate evil reports about him. It was quite a subject of talk on the street, Friday, that Ben Sippy had skipped the town indebted to the city in the sum of $1000. Immediately upon hearing this story, a reporter called at police headquarters and interviewed Judge Wallace, who discredited the whole story by saying what the entire public ought to have known, for it was published in Tuesday's Epitaph, that Marshal Sippy asked for and was granted by the city council, two weeks leave of absence, and that V. W. Earp was appointed to supply his place for that time. The next man called upon was the City Auditor, Mr. Seward B. Chapin, who said that everything in relation to Mr. Sippy's accounts was correct so far as his office was concerned. All city accounts have to pass through his hands, and if there was any shortage he would know it. In as much as there is a city collector and that no money due the city from any source passes through the Marshal's hands, nor has done so for the last two months, it is difficult to see where the deficit could have come from. It may all be true, but no fairminded person will give credit to the story until Mr. Sippy fails to put in an appearance at the end of his furlough, and the proper authorities certify to the loss of the funds.

Tombstone Epitaph, June 26, 1881

Grand Opening

Peter Spencer and John Roberts will open Vogan's Saloon on Tuesday morning next. This is one of the finest saloons in the city and will be kept in first-class style. The best of wines, liquors and cigars, only will be kept. It is to be a "two-bit" house, which will necessarily draw the most select habitues in the city. Square faro will be dealt, thus giving the boys an opportunity to tempt fortune to their hearts content. The guests of the house will be treated with due courtesy and respect. Ye hot and thirsty souls give them a call. 

Spencer purchased a house across the street from Virgil Earp's home on October 7, 1881, 19 days prior to the shootout at Fly's.

(As our story continues, remember the name Peter Spencer)

Tombstone Daily Epitaph, June 28, 1881

An Efficient Man in the Right Place

One of pleasing features of journalism is in being able to pay a deserved tribute to an efficient, faithful and brave public officer. It is such a duty that we now attempt to perform. Mr. Sippy, late Chief of Police, did the public of Tombstone one very great service when he asked for leave of absence for two weeks and insisted that Mr. Virgil Earp be appointed to fill the vacancy, that was believed by most people at that time, to be merely temporary. We might go further and say that he did the people two great favors--first in taking himself away and second in the nomination of his successor. The peace and good order of Tombstone has never before been so perfect as now, and that too under the most trying circumstances that have ever occurred in this community. The first duty Mr. Earp performed after assuming command of the police department was to familiarize himself with the conduct of the force, for which purpose he patrolled the streets two whole nights, during which time he saw sufficient to satisfy himself that there was something rotten not in Denmark, but in Tombstone. He quickly weeded out the suspected and replaced them by men he could depend upon, the result being that on Wednesday last his force, with the assistance of the Sheriff and his deputies, kept perfect order and protected life and property in a manner that deserves the highest praise. Yesterday he caused the arrest of late officer Cornelison, whom he had dismissed from the force on the 18th of the month, for grand larceny, the proof being overwhelming. This was for the breaking open and robbing a trunk that was taken to Cornelison's house for safe keeping during the fire. Inasmuch as the examination of the late officer will take place tomorrow and all the evidence will come out, we forbear further remarks on this occasion. Again, after the fire, the next day when jumpers appeared on the burned district, Mr. Earp solved the whole problem by using the power vested in him for preserving the public peace, by rein stating the owners to their possessions and compelling all to respect each other's rights. After the first two days there was no confusion and no more efforts to jump or dispossess those who were in quiet possession before the fire. It would be easy to call to the public mind other important services Mr. Earp rendered this community at an earlier day, but this must suffice for this time. It is to be hoped that our city council will confirm, by permanent appointment. Mr. Earp in the position he so efficiently and honorably fills. We have no doubt but what they will, for in the language of the immortal Lincoln, we do not believe the council will "swap horses in the middle of the stream," and that is just where we now are in the guardianship of the public peace and order of the town.

The Tombstone Daily Epitaph, September 10, 1881

Stage Robbery

The Bisbee Stage Robbed by Three Masked Men

Thursday night, about 10 o'clock, as the stage was nearing Bisbee, being some four miles or five miles this side in the broken ground, it was stopped by three (some say four) masked men, who, with pistols leveled at the driver and passengers, demanded Wells, Fargo & Co's treasure box. The box was thrown out when they went through the passengers, getting eight dollars and a gold watch from one and about six hundred dollars from another. From the treasure box they got a fat haul, there being $2,500 in it. The report is that they also went through all the baggage and the mail sacks, but this is rather doubtful. About 9:30 yesterday morning two messengers rode into Tombstone with their horses upon a lope, halting in front of the Wells, Fargo & Co's office, dismounted and went in. Those seeing the men come in such hot haste, at once surmised something wrong, and in a short time the robbery was the talk of the street. Marshal Williams, agent for W., F. & Co., immediately notified the Sheriff's office, and in a few hours himself, Deputy Breakenridge, Wyatt and Morgan Earp were in the saddle or on the way to the place of the robbery, from whence they will take up the trail and do their best to overhaul the robbers. This, we fear, is a hopeless task, as so much valuable time was lost by the messengers riding from Charleston into Tombstone, when they might better have telegraphed and had the whole thing managed in secrecy.

 "Tombstone Newspapers"

 Tombstone Epitaph  vs. Tombstone Nugget

Tombstone Daily Epitaph, Sept. 13, 1881

Important Capture

A Deputy Sheriff Arrested on a Charge of Robbing the Bisbee Stage

Wyatt and Morgan Earp, Marshall Williams and Deputy Sheriff Breakenridge, who went to Bisbee to arrest the stage robbers, on Sunday evening brought in Deputy Sheriff T. C. Stillwell and P. Spencer, whom the evidence strongly points out as the robbers. They were examined before Wells Spicer, Esq., yesterday, and were admitted to bail in the sum of $7000 each--$5,000 for robbing the mail and $2,000 for robbing D. B. Rea. The evidence against Deputy Sheriff Stillwell is circumstantial, and rests principally upon the tracks made by his boot heels in the mud, which corresponded with those he had removed by a shoemaker upon his return to Bisbee. The Epitaph has no desire to pre-judge the case, but if it turns out as now anticipated, that the officers of the law are implicated in this nefarious business, it would seem to be in order for Sheriff Behan to appoint another deputy.

 Tombstone Daily Nugget, September 13, 1881

The Stage Robbery

Arrest of the Supposed Culprits

As before reported, Morgan and Wyatt Earp, Marshal Williams, Fred Dodge and Deputy Sheriffs Breakenridge and Nagle started out last Friday, immediately after receiving information of the robbery of the Bisbee stage, and arrived at the place where the robbery was committed at about dark. By that time all the tracks had become obliterated except one that of a bare-footed horse which had evidently been ridden in the direction of this place. From there they proceeded to Bisbee and at about _____ o'clock Sunday morning.  Frank Stillwell, Deputy Sheriff at that place and Peter Spencer, a resident of Tombstone. but engaged in business in Bisbee, were arrested upon a warrant sworn out by Marshal Williams, agent for Wells Fargo & Co., and brought here and placed in jail. When taken before Justice Spicer yesterday, they were rearrested by United States Deputy Marshal Wyatt Earp, charged with robbing the United States mail, upon a warrant sworn out by Marshal Williams. They will have an examination upon the first charge next Thursday and upon the last next Monday.

Tombstone Epitaph, September 18, 1881 (Great Article)

The Cow-boy Nuisance.

Tombstone Sept. 16--Has anyone stopped for a moment to consider the present state of affairs in Arizona, and what the end will be? It has come to pass in this county that life and personal property are unsafe; even in the town of Tombstone it seems as if one of the leading industries is to be destroyed. There is not a teamster to-day who is not in fear and dread of the cow-boys, or so-styled "rustlers" depriving him of his hard earnings (I say hard earnings, for if there is a man who gains his living by the sweat of his brow, it is the man who from early morn till late at night pulls and tugs along through mud and rain, dust, and heat, with a six or eight mule team, or the man who shoulders a bull whip and tramps all day long yelling and pounding seven or eight yoke of oxen) How must such men feel to be robbed by a hand of thieves and cutthroats, who take pride in announcing to the public that they are "rustlers!" Where is the teamsters protection? Can you find any officers who will follow, arrest and recover your property? If you can, I would like to see him. And how do teamsters act to one another in such matters? They stand still, for the "rustlers" tell them, "you won't be troubled if you leave us alone." So they take the man's cattle ahead of you, and you won't help him, for you have had an understanding; and then they take yours; the man behind you won't help you for he is "solid," having had an understanding with them; and then they take his, and so it goes. Another thing, teamsters are afraid; they follow, intending to fight, they get close to their stock, are met and told to go back, and back they go. These chaps seem to have no difficulty in evading the law, while others, not inclined to work, daily join the band and they are increasing fast in numbers. Our town is filled with spies watching every move of the officers and imparting their information to their comrades. Just let a stage be robbed and in less than twelve hours no less than twelve "rustlers" will come and go. It is having a dreadfully depressing effect upon all kinds of business. Men who come to examine different mines outside of town, when they learn how the cow-boys stand fellows up, do not wish to run such risks; they quietly take the road they came and get into civilization as soon as possible. Just look at the number of oxen stolen in the last six weeks between here and Morse's Mills; and, to cap off with, they stopped what was left of the train they had robbed, and told the owners; "Travel this no further: if you do we will kill you and take your oxen," and they there and then forced them there and then unyoke. That was done within four miles of this town on last Sunday morning. I think it is time the people did something. There are men not afraid of them, but those men are in various employments. They won't quit work and go on the trail unless the people will make it an object. Ten armed men, well mounted, can, in sixty days, bring to justice many a "rustler." Put the right men in the field and give them the proper leader, and see how soon peace will be restored to the community, and business will resume its happy and prosperous course again.    CHIRICAHUA

Written one month before the Shootout in Tombstone

San Francisco Chronicle, September 28, 1881

A Reign of Lawlessness.

"The Tombstone A. T.  Nugget (newspaper) of a recent date makes a very intemperate attack on the Chronicle correspondent at that town for communicating to the outside world for certain facts which evidently require the wildest publicity. That cow-boys and "rustlers" are superfluously abundant in that region; that horses and cattle are taken from teamsters on the highway, not many miles from Tombstone; that all kinds of robberies are of continual occurrence; that the officers of the law are cowed or otherwise rendered forgetful of duty; that it is getting to be a proud thing down there to boast that you are a "rustler" and steal for a living, and that quiet citizens are in many cases afraid to even admit that they have been robbed-all this and more the Nugget denies in the most emphatic manner. The Chronicle has faith that its correspondents statements are correct in the main, and refers the Nugget to a communication in the Tombstone Epitaph (newspaper) of the 18th inst., in which these statements are well borne out and additional ones are made, such as that life and property are unsafe in the vicinity of Tombstone; that the teamsters on the public highways are so terror stricken that they will not help one another against the robbers; that the town swarms with spies in the interests of the cow-boys; that every movement of the authorities is closely watched, and that such a lawless state of affairs exists there that business is seriously depressed and capitalists refuse to buy mines. The Nugget had better turn its wrath against the "rustlers" and help rustle them out of the country, instead of attempting to discountenance assertions which are manifestly true."

A Sign of Things to Come?

Tombstone Daily Epitaph Newspaper, October 25, 1881

(Reported one day before the shootout took place)

"Another accidental shot disturbed the usual quiet of the city last evening just about sundown. It was in the office of the OK Corral and caused by some one carelessly handling a loaded rifle. If this thing continues, some one will get hurt"

Tucson's Arizona Weekly Newspaper, October 30, 1881

A DESPERATE STREET FIGHT.

"The 26th of October will always be marked as one of the crimson days in the annals of Tombstone, a day when blood flowed as water, and human life was held as a shuttlecock, a day always to be remembered as witnessing the bloodiest and deadliest street fight that ever occurred in this place, or probably in the Territory."

Marshal Virgil Earp, Morgan and Wyatt Earp and Doc Holliday Meet the Cowboys-Three Men Killed  and Two Wounded, One Seriously-Origin of the Trouble and its Tragical Termination.

THE ORIGIN OF THE TROUBLE

Dates back to the first arrest of Stillwell and Spencer for the robbery of the Bisbee stage. The co-operation of the Earps with the Sheriff and his deputies in the arrest causing a number of cowboys to, it is said, threaten the lives of all interested in the capture. Still, nothing occurred to indicate that any such threats would be carried out into execution. But Tuesday night Ike Clanton and Doc Holliday had some difficulty in the Alhambra saloon. Hard words passed between them, and when they parted it was generally understood that the feeling between the two men was that of intense hatred. Yesterday morning Clanton came on the street armed with a rifle and revolver, but was almost immediately arrested by Marshal Earp, disarmed and fined by Judge Wallace for carrying concealed weapons. While in the Court room Wyatt Earp told him that as he had made threats against his life he wanted to make his fight, to say how, when and where he would fight, and to get his crowd, and he (Wyatt) would be on hand. In reply Clanton said: 

 FOUR FEET OF GROUND

"Is enough for me to fight on, and I'll be there." A short time after this William Clanton and Frank McLowery (McLaury) came in town, and as Thomas McLowery was already here the feeling soon became general that a fight would ensue before the day was over, and crowds of expectant men stood on the corner of Allen and Fourth streets awaiting the coming conflict. It was now about two o'clock, and at this time Sheriff Behan appeared upon the scene and told Marshal Earp that if he disarmed his posse, composed of Morgan and Wyatt Earp, and Doc Holliday, he would go down to the OK Corral, where Ike and James (William) Clanton and Frank and Tom McLowery were and disarm them. The Marshal did not desire to do this until assured that there was no danger of an attack from the other party. The Sheriff went to the corral and told the cowboys that they must put their arms away and not have any trouble. Ike Clanton and Tom McLowery said they were not armed, and Frank McLowery said he would not lay his aside. In the meantime the Marshal had concluded to go and, if possible, end the matter by disarming them, and as he and his posse came down Fremont Street towards the corral, the Sheriff stepped out and said:

"HOLD UP BOYS"

Don't go down there or there will be trouble: I have been down there to disarm them." But they passed, and when within a few feet of them the Marshal said to the Clantons and McLowerys: "Throw up your hands, boys, I intend to disarm you." As he spoke Frank McLowery made a motion to draw his revolver, when Wyatt Earp pulled his and shot him, the ball striking on the right side of his abdomen. Almost the same time Doc Holliday shot Tom McLowery in the right side, using a short shotgun, such as carried by Wells, Fargo & Co,'s messengers. In the meantime Billy Clanton had shot at Morgan Earp, the ball passing through the point of the left shoulder blade across his back, just grazing the backbone and coming out at the shoulder, the ball  remaining inside his shirt. He fell to the ground, but in an instant gathered himself, and raising in a sitting position fired at Frank McLowery  as he crossed Fremont Street, and at the same instant Doc Holliday shot at him, both balls taking effect, either of which would have proved fatal, as one struck him in the right temple and the other in the left breast. As he started across the street however, he pulled his gun down on Holliday saying. :I've got you now," "Blaze away! You're a daisy if you have," replied Doc. This shot of McLowery's passed through Holliday's pistol pocket, just grazing the skin. While this was going on

BILLY CLANTON HAD SHOT

Virgil Earp in the right leg, the ball passing through the calf, inflicting a severe flesh wound. In turn he had been shot by Morg Earp in the right side of the abdomen, and twice by Virgil Earp, once in the right wrist and once in the left breast. Soon after the shooting commenced Ike Clanton ran through the OK Corral, across Allen into Kellogg's saloon, and thence into Toughnut , where he was arrested and taken to the county jail. The firing altogether didn't occupy more than twenty-five seconds, during which time fully thirty shots were fired. After the fight was over Billy Clanton, who, with wonderful vitality, survived his wounds for fully an hour, was carried by the editor and foreman of the Nugget into a house near where he lay, and everything possible done to make his last moments easy. He was "game" to the last, never uttering a word of complaint, and just before breathing his last he said "Goodbye Boys; go away and let me die." The wounded were taken to their houses, and at three o'clock this morning were resting comfortably. The dead bodies were taken in charge by the Coroner, and an inquest will be held upon them at 10 o'clock today. Upon the person of Thomas McLowery was found between $300 and $400, and a checks and certificates of to the amount of $3000.

DURING THE SHOOTING

Sheriff Behan was standing near by commanding the contestants to cease firing but was powerless to prevent it. Several parties who were in the vicinity of the shooting had narrow escapes from being shot. One man who had lately arrived from the east had a ball pass through his pants. He left for home this morning. A person called "the Kid," who shot Hicks at Charleston recently, was also grazed by a ball. When the Vizina whistle gave the signal that there was a conflict between the officers and cowboys, the mines on the hill shut down and the miners were brought to the surface. From the Contention mine a number of men, fully armed, were sent to town in a four-horse carriage. At the request of the Sheriff the "vigilante," or Committee of Safety, were called from the streets by a few sharp toots from the Vizina whistle. during the early part of the evening there was a rumor that a mob would attempt to take Ike Clanton from the jail and lynch him, and to prevent any such unlawful proceedings a strong guard of deputies was placed around the building, and will be so continued until all danger is past. At 8 o'clock last evening, Finn Clanton, a brother of Billy and Ike, came in town, and placing himself under guard of the Sheriff, visited the morgue to see the remains of one brother, and then passed the night in jail with the other. 

OMINOUS SOUNDS

Shortly after the shooting ceased the whistle at the Vizina mine sounded a few short toots, and almost simultaneously a large number of citizens appeared on the streets, armed with rifles and a belt of cartridges around their waists. These men formed in line and offered their services to the peace officers to preserve order, in case any attempt at disturbance was made, or any interference offered to the authorities of the law. However, no hostile move was made by anyone, and quiet and order was fully restored, and in a short time the excitement died away.

AT THE MORGUE

The bodies of the three slain cowboys lay side by side, covered with a sheet. very little blood appeared on their clothing, and only on the face of young Billy Clanton was there any distortion of the features or evidence of pain in dying. The features of the two McLowery boys looked as calm and placid in death, as if they had died peaceably, surrounded by loving friends and sorrowing relatives. No unkind remarks were made by anyone, but a feeling of unusual sorrow seemed to prevail at the sad occurrance. Of the McLowery brothers we could learn nothing of their previous history coming to Arizona. The two brothers owned quite an extensive ranch on the lower San Pedro, some seventy or eighty miles from this city, to which they had moved their band of cattle since the recent Mexican and Indian troubles. They did not bear the reputation of being of quarrelsome disposition, but were known as fighting men, and have gener-conducted themselves in a quiet and orderly manner when in Tombstone.

Tombstone Daily Nugget Newspaper, October 28, 1881

An Imposing Funeral

The Burial Of The Dead Cowboys. An Immence Procession , Etc.

While it was not entirely expected, the funeral of Billy Clanton and Thomas and Frank McLowery (McLaury), yesterday, was the largest ever witnessed in Tombstone. It was advertised to take place at 3 o'clock, but it was about 4 o'clock before the cortege moved, yet a large number had gathered at the undertaker's long before the first time mentioned. The bodies of the three men, neatly and tastefully dressed, were placed in handsome caskets with heavy silver trimmings. Upon each was a silver plate bearing the names, age, birthplace and date of the death of each. A short time before the funeral, photographs were taken of the dead. The procession was headed by the Tombstone brass band playing the solemn and touching march of the dead. The first wagon contained the body of Billy Clanton, followed by those of THE MCLOWRY BOYS. A few carriages came next were friends and relatives of the deceased, among whom were Ike and Finn Clanton. After these were about three hundred persons on foot, twenty-two carriages and buggies and one four horse stage, and the horsemen, making a line nearly two blocks in length. The two bothers were buried in one grave, and the young Clanton close by those who were friends in life and companions in death. The inscription upon the plates of the caskets stated that Thomas McLowry was 25 years of age, Frank McLowry 29 years of age, both natives of Mississippi, and that William H. Clanton was 19 years of age and a native of Texas.

"Yet a little sleep, a little slumber, a little folding of the hands to sleep"

The Tombstone Daily Nugget, October 30, 1881

Their Condition

Morgan Earp, while not dangerous condition, yesterday , suffered much pain from his wound. It is thought that some cloth was carried in with the bullet, and it will be necessary to open the wound and extract all foreign matter in which case it may require more time to heal, but will not be more painful. Virgil Earp experiences some pain but the wound is doing well and in in no matter dangerous.

San Francisco Report, November 2, 1881

Want a "Bitter End."

We learn through the intelligent Associated Press agent at Tombstone, that the friends of the deceased are determined to prosecute the case to the bitter end in the courts." We hope they will find the end bitter enough to suit the law abiding citizens in Tombstone. How would it do for the marshal to take that quick-shooting little posse of his and see whether these friends are carrying any concealed weapons around with them? The lives of the Earps, Marshall Williams, Wells Fargo's agent, and others have been threatened by the friends of the dead men. We hope the ruffians will try at some opportune time, to carry out their threats and will get the same dose their palls got. We depend on the Epitaph to more than neutralize the Daily Cowboy's (Tombstone Nugget newspaper) affection for Tombstone's ruffian population.

  San Francisco Exchange, November 3, 1881

The Obituary Organ

A cow-boy met the natural fate of all cow-boys in Camp Rice yesterday, being riddled with bullets. The Tombstone Nugget should send down a special reporter to weep over the remains. That journal is now recognized in Arizona Territory as the great obituary organ of all slaughtered cow-boys.

  Tucson Star, November 4, 1881

A Legitimate Reason

The Tombstone Nugget sobs because the Star, in copying from it, does not give credit except as "a Tombstone newspaper." Well, there are reasons for all things, and our reasons for all this is, that we sometimes find items in the Nugget which we believe to be true; but we know if we give the Nugget credit the public would at once question the truth of the item.

  Tombstone Daily Epitaph, November 8, 1881

Judge Spicer, having remanded Wyatt Earp and Doc Holliday to jail without bail, a strong guard armed with Winchesters and shotguns was last night placed around the insecure ediface to prevent anyone breaking in. If the sheriff  (Behan) had been as active in preventing prisoners' breaking out, there would have been three more gentlemen for the courts to pass upon next term.

  San Francisco Report, November 8, 1881

 The Cow-boys on Top

The struggle at Tombstone is between the sheriff on one side and the marshal on the other.  The sheriff's department has--perhaps unjustly--been accused of undue and most disastrous leniency toward the cow-boy "element" and  under the regime of the sheriff and the unembarrassing and even friendly supervision of certain of his deputies the said  "element" has spread itself like a green bay-tree. The marshal and his men rudely interrupted the existing pleasant relations, and taking the cow-boys out of the gentle hands of the sheriff shot some of their leaders down in the act and thereby (In our opinion) did an act entitling him to the thanks of every good citizen of Tombstone, and every true friend of the district. The cow-boys and their friends soon rallied, however, and now they have the marshal and his men under bonds and accused of murder. The course of events in Tombstone promises to be quite interesting and we shall try to keep track of it.

Tombstone Daily Nugget, December 1, 1881

The examination of Earp and Holliday, on charge of murder of  Frank and Thomas McLowry  (McLaury)  and Billy Clanton, on the 26th of last month, was conducted yesterday by the discharge of the prisoners by Wells Spicer,  the magistrate before whom the examination was conducted. This action was not much of a surprise to anyone, in as much as Spicer's rulings and actions for some days previous to the close of the case had give sufficient indication of what the result would be.  Not withstanding this act, however, the action was not the less severely animadverted upon by the majority of our citizens.  While it is true in some instances the evidence was conflicting, the mass of testimony adduced by the prosecution had created a general desire that all circumstances leading up and connected with the affair be thoroughly investigated.  It is not necessary here that the evidence be reviewed. As it has appeared from day to day in the columns of the local press, the testimony has been eagerly scanned and commented upon and a decided revolution took place, many who at first upheld the Earp party becoming the most earnest in expressing a desire for a full examination.  The remarkable document which appears in another column purports to be the reasons which actuated the judge in the final action. But the suspicion of reasons of more substantial nature are openly expressed upon the streets, and in the eyes of many the justice does not stand like Ceaser's wife, "not only virtuous but above suspicion.

    Tombstone Daily Nugget, December 16, 1881

A Close Call

A Little Difficulty in the Oriental Which Might Have Ended in Bloodshed.

An altercation occurred in the Oriental Saloon yesterday morning which came very near resulting in the addition of another chapter to the bloody annals of Tombstone. Supervisor M. E. Joyce was in the place mentioned, conversing with Virgil Earp in regard to the attempted stage robbery of the evening previous. Joyce laughingly remarked to Earp that he had been expecting something of the sort ever since they (the Earps and Holliday) had been liberated from jail.  Earp became angry at the remark, and immediately struck Joyce with his open hand in the face. The parties were surrounded at the time by four or five of Earp's warmest partisans, all heavily armed.  Taking in the situation at a glance, Joyce, with rare good  judgment  and presence of mind remarked, that a man would be a fool to make a fight single-handed against that crowd, and at the same time commenced backing toward the door. As he reached the door he said to the Earp party, "Your favorite method is to shoot a man in the back, but if you murder me you will be compelled to shoot me in the front," and thus saying he stepped upon the sidewalk.

These are the simple facts of the affair as related by several eye-witnesses, and any unprejudiced person will readily see upon whom they reflect. That Mr. Joyce is not deficient in courage no one who is acquainted with him will deny; but that his coolness and good judgment undoubtedly saved Tombstone from the disgrace of another bloody tragedy, all who are cognizant of the peculiar characteristics of the Earp party will readily admit. 

  San Francisco Daily Exchange, December 20, 1881

A Nice Condition of Disorder.

Tombstone seems to be in a nice condition of disorder. The cow-boys rule the town, and the sheriff claims that he is powerless to keep that formidable nuisance within bounds. of course the saloon keepers take sides with the cowboys, for the latter, contrary to the custom of other classes of desperadoes, pay for the liquor, and spend twenty dollars were the law abiding citizen will spend one. There is, may be, honor, but there is certainly no peace of mind in being mayor of Tombstone, as Mr. Clum discovered when the stage in which he was seated was riddled with bullets, all aimed with the design of leaving Tombstone municipalities without a head. Yet there are soldiers enough in the territory to enforce order unless the people have made up their minds to let the cow-boys run things to suit themselves.

  Christmas In Tombstone  

Tombstone Epitaph, December 25, 1881

THE SCHOOL CHRISTMAS TREE

Two Hundred and Fifty Little Ones Made Happy by Santa Claus

Yesterday will be a long-remembered day by the school children of Tombstone. By half-past one there was a perfect blockade around the entrance of Schieffelin Hall, and when the doors were thrown open the children rushed in with an ardor begotten of long continued expectancy of what the fabled god of the Christmas tree would bring them. Later many ladies and gentlemen came in, and by 2:30 the hall was comfortably filled with old and young. The corps of teachers were kept busy seating the audience and looking after the children. The introductory exercises consisted of singing various school songs by the pupils, which was done with a hearty clan, as the French would say, that added piquancy to the occasions. When the curtain was was rung up a beautiful picture was revealed upon the stage. Upon the right and left were the trees loaded with the gifts, and in the center, slowly descending from the heavens, came old Santa Claus, clad in his robes of fur and a shower of snow, the whole scene illuminated by a red light from the wings of the theater.  There was a furious burst of applause from the audience at the revelation before them. Santa Claus made an amusing address to the children and distributed the hundreds of beautiful gifts, every child receiving something. The value of the presents exceeded  $300. Mr. Sherman received an elegant gold pen with pearl handle, gold mounted, presented by the pupils. each of the other teachers received gold pens, but less costly that  (then) the principal's. The school directors received presents both comical and useful.  Mr. Bilicke, senior, was the recipient of a nice china doll, and went away disgusted at the little thing's nakedness; this was unkind, for such things seldom if ever come into the world dressed, which fact, from his age, he ought to have been taken into consideration. Mr. Fred E. Brooks personated Santa Claus most admirably. Mr. Harwood donated the use of the hall for the occasion. The affair was not only a succsess but a credit to the generosity of the citizens who contributed to the happiness of the little ones.

Catholic Church

Services will be held at the Catholic church on Sunday, Holy Christmas, Dec. 25th. first high mass, with music, at 12:30 a. m. (in the night); second mass, at 8 a. m. ; third high mass, with music, at 10:30 a. m.; evening service, with music, at 7 o'clock (town time).  J.  Bloise, Pastor.

Los Angeles Herald, December 30, 1881

Last night  (December 28) about half-past 11 o'clock,  as the United States Deputy Marshal was crossing Fifth Street, (In Tombstone) between the Oriental Saloon and Eagle Brewery,  when in the middle of the street, he was fired upon with double-barreled shotguns, loaded with buckshot, by three men concealed in an unfinished building diagonally across on Allen Street.  Five shots were fired in rapid succession. Marshal Earp was wounded in the left arm just above the elbow, producing a longitudinal fracture of the bone. One shot struck him above the groin, coming out near the spine. The wounds are very dangerous, possibly mortal. The men ran through the rear building and escaped in the darkness, back of the Vizina hoisting works.

The Tombstone Daily Epitaph, December 30, 1881

The surgeons extracted the bone from Virgil Earp's arm from the elbow about half way up to the shoulder. While his wounds are painful, and he will lose the use of his arm, they are not necessarily mortal. With a good constitution and plenty of courage he will surely recover. The shot that penetrated the back struck the vertebra and glanced following around to the front without striking any vital spot. Drs. Goodfellow and Matthews are unremitting in their attendance upon the wounded man.

(Don't forget Virgil was shot through the calf two months earlier)

Continued on  Page 2  ShootOutAtTheOKCorral

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